Classes are an effective technique for creating reusable code in Python, an object-oriented programming language. Classes are used to describe items that have common traits and behaviors. In this post, we’ll look at Python’s concepts of classes and objects.
Classes in Python:
A class in Python is a user-defined data type that holds the methods for manipulating the data as well as the actual data. Classes function somewhat as an object creation template. They supply the properties and functions that the objects will use.
Assume a class represents a building prototype. Every information regarding a floor, rooms, door, window, etc., is contained in a building. Based on these details, we can create as many buildings as we choose. As a result, we are able to create an infinite number of objects of the building class.
Creating Classes in Python
The class name and the keyword class can be used to create a new class in Python. The following is the syntax to create a class.
Syntax:
class classname:
Statements
Example:
class stu:
def get(self):
self.rno=101
self.name=”Amit Kumar”
def disp(self):
print(“The Rollno is”,self.rno)
print(“The Name is”,self.name)
obj=stu
obj.get()
obj.disp()
Objects in Python:
An object is a specific instance of a class with special traits and abilities. Once a class has been created, objects can be created based on it. By utilizing the class constructor, you may create an object of a class in Python. The constructor, a unique process called __init__, is where the attributes of the object are initialized.
The self-parameter
The self-parameter accesses the class variables and refers to the instance of the class that is currently in use. Anything can be used in place of self, but it needs to be the first argument in any class-related function.
__init__ method
Python requires the use of a specific function called __init__ in order to create an instance of a class. It is sometimes referred to as a constructor even though it is used to set the object’s characteristics.
The only parameter required by the __init__ method is the self-argument. This argument refers to the newly generated instance of the class. It is possible to declare additional arguments in the __init__ method to initialize the values of each attribute linked with the objects.
Python Constructor
A unique kind of method (function) called a constructor is employed to initialize the class’s instance elements.
The constructor in Python is treated differently from its class, however it shares the same name in C++ and Java. To construct an object, utilize it.
Constructors can be of two types.
- Parameterized Constructor
- Non-parameterized Constructor
Constructor definition is run when we construct the object of this class. Additionally, constructors confirm that the object has sufficient resources to complete any startup tasks.
Creating the constructor in python
The __init__() method in Python mimics a class’s constructor. Upon class instantiation, this function is invoked. It takes the self-keyword as the first argument, enabling access to the class’s methods or attributes.
When constructing the class object, we can pass any number of arguments, contingent on the __init__() specification. The primary purpose of it is to initialize the class properties. Even if a class just uses the built-in constructor, it still needs to have a constructor.